In the aviation world, effective communication is the backbone of safe and efficient operations. Whether you’re navigating congested airspace or coordinating with ground control, clear and precise communication can make all the difference. This is where the Radio Telephony Operator (Restricted), or RTO(R), comes into play—a crucial license for aspiring pilots in India.
The RTO(R) certification, issued by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), is a mandatory requirement for any pilot who wishes to operate radios onboard an aircraft. This license not only verifies your ability to handle radio communication equipment but also ensures you’re well-versed in aviation phraseology, standard communication protocols, and handling emergencies.

The RTR examination consists of two stages:
Written Examination – Computer-based test with 50 MCQs covering ICAO regulations, radiotelephony procedures, radio principles, navigation aids, meteorology codes, distress & urgency communications, and standard aviation phraseology. A minimum of 70% is required to pass.

Practical Examination – A scenario-based simulated radiotelephony test of approximately 30 minutes, assessing real-world pilot–ATC communication across different phases of flight, including abnormal and emergency situations. Passing marks: 50%.

Candidates who pass the written exam (or are exempted as per DGCA rules) are eligible to appear for the practical examination. Successful candidates can then apply for issuance of the RTO(R) Certificate & Licence via the eGCA portal.
The relevant CAR is as follows